2

  -2021

..  

-II,  (): 1200 .       

 :    : 80

:       ,         

                

 

-

1. ''       .         

   

2.               

     

-

3.                  ?

4.          

-

5.            

2

6.              

     

-

7.                

 

8.          

2

  -2021

..  

-II,  (): 1200 .       

 :    : 80

:       ,         

                

 

-

1. ''       .         

   

:   

''               

     ,           

:

1.            ,   

             

2. :            ,    

       

3.    ,        ,    

  ,          

4. :                 

 ,        

2

   

        ,      

     ,          

,   ,      ,      

,               

  

        ,   -    

    ,              

 

  .          

 (  )   (   )      

  ,        :

1.       

•    :6           

            

   ,            



•  :      ,     

                , 

            ,   

        

2.  

•   :         ,   

     ,       , 

    

•    :             

 ,              

            

3.     

•       :         

               

          ,    

            

2

•  :           ,  

              

    ,         

4.     

•  :           

               ,

         

•                

  ,             

 



 ,              , 

            .       

, ,          -  

     ,      ,   

         

2.               

     

:      

           ,     

                  

 ;       ,       

                

   

1.    

.     

                 ,

                

       ,         

   

2

.   

                  

     , -          

        ,        

    

.    

  ,            

                

                

2.    

.    

                 

     ,          ,  

              

     

.   

              ,  

      ,             

 ,              , 

              

3.    

.   

                 ,

                   

     ,       

.    

              ,     

               

                

   

2

4.      

        ,      -    

   ,    -      

              :

.  

              ,    

 ,                

       ,           

•  :

o         

o       

o    -         

.  

  ,                 

                  



•  :

o     

o        ,       



o         

.  

                   

                   

              

•  :

o         

o           

o          

.  

2

                 

         -    ,   

        

•  :

o       

o         

o       

.  

               

  -              

    

•  :

o     

o        

o         

.  

      ()           

               

   

•  :

o        

o         

o         

.  

            ,    

                

           

•  :

o             

o        

2

o          

5.        

  ,          ,   

               , 

         -  ,    

          



            ,   ,  

             ,  

   ,            

                 

        ,         

   

              -   

,                 

  

-

3.                  ?

:     

   

                  

       1500       500    

,   , ,   -     

-         ,         :

1. :   ,        

2. :     ,         



3. :        

2

4. : A             

    

     ()        ()  

      :

1. :            

    (),  (  ),  ()    

2. : ,             

          ,      

  

3.  :           

               

4. :            ()

      

5.  ():,       ,      

             

6.   : ()   ()        , 

           -   

 

  

        -       

         ,         

      :

1.  ()  :         ,   

 ()           - 

             

2.   : (     )      

      ,   -     

          

3.  :   ()      

 ()    ()           

      

2

4.   :            ,

                   

  ,          

     

             :

1.          :    

    ,        

               -

   

2.    :           

 ( )   ( )      



,  

           

3.    :          ,  

          ()    

,        -    

4.             

    ,   ,      

            ,  

    

5.     :       ,  

              

       ,       



6.   :          

          ,   

              

  



             ,   

              

                 

   ,           

2

4.          

: :    



             -      

                

 ()      ,    (),     

     ()     

       1200 .        , 

  ,            

 

   

 

         ,   -  (1500   

)      ,      ,    

     

1. -      ,    ,    

             

         

2.    (600-300  ):   ,     

()          -  

              

         



                  

        ,        

   

1.  ( ):   ,       ,

                   

 ,       

2.  (24 ):  599         

                

     30            12

         (  )    , 

 30        

2

    

                 

1. :             

       ,    ,     

               

       

2.  (  ):         

               

        

3.   :       ,      , 

                

             

4. :        ,         

     -,         

  

     

-       ,   ,     

 ,           :

1.  (-):           

               

               

        

2.  (  ):         

                

          ,       

  

3. :      ,    18 

           ,   

           

4. :     ,      

   ,             

        

2

 

   (  .. -   .)

      ,        -

        :

1.       .       

               

  

2.    :       ,    

              

,            

    (



  .. - 5  ..)

-    ,          

    :

1.                ,

                

       

2.  :       ,      

                

  

3.            ,  

 ,              

   

    (5  . - 1200 .)

            ,    

    

1.   :   ,        

,                 

        

2.              

               

         

2

3.      :         

   ,           

               

   

                  

 

1.  :          ,  

              

,              

2.          , 

             

        

3.             

             ,

       - 



       ,   ,    

                 

   ,   ,   -        

        ,       

       

 ,               

                 

        ,  ,     

           

-

5.            

:                

                    

            , 1200 . , 

2

 ,            

        

1.    

1.1    ( 1500-500  )

            ,     

     ,        ,   (  )

  () ,            ,   ()

  ()       

.   

-   ,           

                

        ,           ,

  ,             

2.       ( 500  -300 )

2.1   

                

         ,         

    ,               , 

      

2.2    

   , ,     ,  (  )  

( )      , -         ,

  ()   ()         

3.     ( 300-600 .)

3.1   

                  

    " "      ,  ,     

             ,    

          

.    

                  

        ,          

2

          ,  ()      

     

4.     ( 600-1200 .)

4.1    

                -

   ,          

     ,             

   

4.2     

   ,               

         ,  ,       

          -   , 

                



5.    

5.1  

               , 

,                   ()

              

  

5.2   

      ,             

               , 

            

6.     

6.1   

   ,          

    ,           ,

    ,          

6.2   

             (),  () 

                  

                

2

7. 

         ,     

               

    ,            

     ,            

    ,              

 

6.              

     

:      

             7  17

                 

                   

                

       :

1.     

           ()    

               

      ,      ,       

        

2.       

             ,  

                

               

              

3.     

                 

  , ,           

2

               



4.    

     ,           , 

     ,          

                

5.   

   ,              (

 )   ,           

            

6.   

      ,  ,       

                   

                 

         

7.     

          ,      

           ,     

   ,          

8. 

        ,        

               

        

      

                 

       :

1.  (1017-1137)

• :   ( )         

   - ,   ,          

     ()  

2

• :

o            (  ,

  )         

o         ,    

      

o             

      ,        

2.  (1440-1518)

• :        ,        

               

   

• :

o           

           

 

o              ()

            

o             

      

3.  (1532-1623)

• :            

         

• :

o                 

      

o                 

              

4.  (1498-1547)

• :                 

               



2

• :

o             

             

o            

           

5.  (14 )

• :   - ( -)     ,  

     -    

• :

o  -            

       

o               

        

6.   (1486-1534))

• :         ,      

     ()   

• :

o               

()     

o                  

       

7.  (1270-1350)

• :  



      (    )      

          

• :

o         ,    

     

o         ,    

        

2

8.  (9 )

• :  -             

   

• :

o  ,           

          

o              

         

   

    ,           

      :

1.   

               

              ,  

   

2.  

          ,    

              

        

3.  

              

          ,      

      

4.    

    ,          

               

  ,        

5.  

        -       

                   

     

2

6.     

              ,  

,         

7.   

                , 

             



        ,   ,  

          , , ,

,  ,  ,     ,      

         ,    

            

-

7.                

 

:      :        



                 ,

             

    ,       -   ,    

             ,   ,

          

 

   

              ( 3300-1300 

)    ,          ,  

( 322-185  )           , 

2

         ,          

 ,             

      

           ,   .. 

          ,  

   ,       -       

,            ,   

     





   

   

        ,        

            -   

 ,             

      ( -  .)   - ,   

                , 

            

   

1.  :         

        -    , 

   ,            

      ,        



2.              , 

              

             

,        

3.      ,   (     )

   ( )         

    (  )      ,  

      

4.           ,   

              

  ,               

    

2

5. :   -       , 

             

            

   

•         , ,   

                  

            

•              

              

       

•  :        ,  ,

        ,       

        

  

   

               

            ,        

      

       -      -  ,  

,        ,   

  





   

1.  :          

 ,              

  ,           

 

2.   :            

   ,     ,      

     -        

3.         -,        

               

 ,               

2

4.   :          ,

       -         

       

5.  :          

               

        

   

•           ,  ,

            

          

•  :            

             

 ,         

•     :               

           

      

            



,    ,  

-      

1.   :          

  ,           

          

2.  :           

   ,           

            ,   

       

3.  :          ,   

 ,                 

      - 

4.         ,    

,              , 

      

5.  :         ,  

 -     ,      

       

2

     

                

  ,           , 

  ( 4-6  .)   ,        

 

1.             

           ,  ,  

   

2.  :            

    ,  ,         

            

 

3.   



          

     -       , 

        



      ,          ,  

   -         ,    

               

               ,  

              , 

                  

  

8.          

:

             ,  , , 

,                

       ,          

         1200 .     

     

2

1. 

1.1  

•  :       ,   

       (476 .  )     

               

              

• :       ,  , , 

             

1.2   

•    ,         

            , 

         

•  :       ,   

         

1.3  

•  :" "     ,      

             

•   :              

               

       

2. 

2.1  

• :,      ,   " "

 " "         ,    

         

•  ,   "   "      ,

              

              

2.2  

•  :            -

               

   

2

3. 

3.1    

•  :              

               ,

 ,      

•  :             

                 

  

3.2   

•               

-             

    

4.   

4.1  

•      ,    -,   

           ,    

  ,           

4.2   

•    :         

      



 11      

       

•   ,          ,  

               

 

5.    

5.1   

•         

         ,      

 

•   :           -   

  

2

6.   

6.1  

•               ,

               

        

6.2     

•             

              

        

7.  

7.1  

•                   

          ,    

 

7.2  

•   :,             

           

8.   

8.1     

•             

" "         ,       

 

•               

  ,      

9.   

9.1  

•   :          ,

          -  ,  

     

2

9.2   

• :             

                

  ,           



   1200 .           

     , ,  , ,  ,   

               

       ,         

 

:             ( )       

        ,              